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VOL. 8, ISSUE 2 (2026)
The Hydroquinone level and pH of the developer solution are based on the length of time of exposure to free air
Authors
Supriyadi, Swasthi Prasetyarini, Raditya Assary Aufa Wardhana
Abstract
Conventional radiography is still widely used
in medical practice, characterized by chemical film processing. One crucial
stage in chemical film processing is the film development stage. One of the
main components of film developer solutions is hydroquinone. Oxidation affects
hydroquinone levels and is related to the pH of the developer solution. This
study aims to determine the effect of air oxidation on the pattern of changes
in hydroquinone levels and the pH of the film developer solution. This experimental
laboratory study consisted of 32 samples divided into eight groups.
Hydroquinone levels were measured using HPLC instrument. Data were analyzed
using the one-way ANOVA and Unpaired T-test (α=0.05). The highest levels
(hydroquinone = 594.75 and 256.5 ppm: pH = 11.85 and 10.75) were obtained in
the group that was not exposed to free air, and the lowest (hydroquinone = 0.79
and 0.54 ppm; pH = 8.7 and 7.9) in the group that was exposed to free air for
30 days. There were significant differences in hydroquinone levels and pH of
the developer solution based on the duration of oxidation in free air. There
was a similar pattern of decrease in hydroquinone levels and the pH of the
developer solution.
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Pages:15-19
How to cite this article:
Supriyadi, Swasthi Prasetyarini, Raditya Assary Aufa Wardhana "The Hydroquinone level and pH of the developer solution are based on the length of time of exposure to free air". International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research, Vol 8, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 15-19
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