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International Journal of
Medical Science and Clinical Research
ARCHIVES
VOL. 8, ISSUE 1 (2026)
An evaluative study: The effectiveness of ice pack application prior to venipuncture in alleviating pain among selected clients in a hospital, Odisha
Authors
Sagarika Sahoo, Manasi Mallik, Yasaswini Panda, Biswambar Biswajit Sahoo, Rasmi Ranjita Adhikari, Sephali Moharana
Abstract

Background: Venipuncture is one of the most frequently performed invasive procedures in hospital settings and is often associated with pain, discomfort, anxiety, and fear among clients. Effective pain management during such minor procedures is an essential component of quality nursing care. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as ice pack application, are simple, safe, and cost-effective methods that may help reduce procedural pain.

Methods: A quantitative evaluative study with a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design was conducted among 60 clients in selected wards of IMS & SUM Hospital, Odisha. Participants were selected using purposive sampling and divided into experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. The experimental group received ice pack application at the venipuncture site for three minutes prior to the procedure, while the control group received routine care. Pain intensity was assessed using the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The post-test mean pain score was significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group (t = −2.05, p = 0.022), indicating that ice pack application was effective in reducing pain during venipuncture. A significant association was found between pain level and previous experience of venipuncture (p = 0.003), while other sociodemographic variables showed no significant association.

Conclusion: Ice pack application prior to venipuncture is an effective, safe, simple, and economical non-pharmacological intervention for reducing pain among clients. Incorporating this practice into routine nursing care can enhance patient comfort and improve the quality of care.
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Pages:34-40
How to cite this article:
Sagarika Sahoo, Manasi Mallik, Yasaswini Panda, Biswambar Biswajit Sahoo, Rasmi Ranjita Adhikari, Sephali Moharana "An evaluative study: The effectiveness of ice pack application prior to venipuncture in alleviating pain among selected clients in a hospital, Odisha". International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research, Vol 8, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 34-40
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