Bacterial vaginosis is the most common form of genital infection and one of the most common causes of vaginal discharge in women with genital activity. The aim of this prospective and cross sectional study was to assess the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and the risk factors associated with this infection in women of childbearing age at the Gyneco and Obstetrics and Peadiatric Hospital of Yaoundé. Each vaginal swab sample collected was preceded by a questionnaire. Bacterial vaginosis was defined as a Nugent score of 7 to 10. The results were as follow: In our study we enrolled 218 women. The average age was 30.66±7.08 years with extremes of 18 to 48 years. The most represented age group was that of 26-33 years (38.67%). Almost all of the women in our study were Christian (91.50%) and 6.60% were Muslim. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 42.5% (90/212) with the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis 38.20% (81/212) and Mobiluncus species 2.83% (6/212). The 18-25 years old age group was more exposed to Gardnerella vaginalis vaginosis (38.27%). but the student group is the most infected with a rate of 32.09%, and the difference was not significant. The single group was more exposed to this vaginal infection with a prevalence of 46.91% and the difference with the others groups was statistically significant. (Tableau II). University-level women were more infected with gardnerella vaginalis infection with a prevalence of 58.02% followed by secondary-level women (37.03%). Women of childbearing age are exposed to Gardnerella vaginalis vaginosis. One gynecological sample in women during their reproductive life is necessary in order to avoid complication related to this infection.