Introduction: This retrospective study discusses the impact of kala-azar (leishmaniasis) on under-five children in Baidoa, Southwest State of Somalia (SWSS). It investigates how the kala-azar disease impacted on children under five years of age, particularly 21 patients selected among those who had visited two of the health facilities in the district of Baidoa that deal with the disease, namely Bay Regional Hospital and Baidoa District Hospital. The study aims to explore the effectiveness of the kala-azar treatment and patients’ reflections after discharge from the hospital. Methods: Mixed method was used in a survey questionnaire to collect data from patients’ parents and guardians through the phone. Participants’ quotations were used to present the qualitative aspect of the data while tables with frequencies and percentages were used to demonstrate the quantitative results. Justification: The study was motivated by the prevalence of leishmaniasis or kala-azar among child patients visiting the hospitals in Baidoa district and the fact that a lot is being done to deal with the disease but without available scholarly studies. Results: Of 21 participants surveyed in the study, a two-third majority expressed satisfaction with the effectiveness of the treatment while one-third did not believe the medication had any effect on the child patients. Conclusion: Although most of the patients expressed effectiveness of the treatment, there is a lot of room for improvement since one-third of the child patients did not realize effective improvement after completion of the medication.